Religion, Spirituality, and Health
Currently, epidemiology is at the forefront of providing robust
evidence showing that associations between religion and health are causal. As the field engages more with this topic, inquiry should include the impact of the
changing religious landscape and inclusion of variables such as spirituality to establish causal inference. Epidemiologists are well equipped for this and therefore should also aim to establish causal inference through studies that
examine relationships between contextual-level religious measures and
individual health. Once systematic evidence has been developed, epidemiology will have meaningfully contributed to new theory and persuasive findings that can inform policy and health interventions to improve population health.